{
  "dataset": "regulation",
  "version": "v1",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-29T21:34:11+07:00",
  "row_count": 25,
  "columns": [
    "group",
    "ref",
    "title",
    "agency",
    "status",
    "date",
    "summary",
    "impact"
  ],
  "license": {
    "terms": "CC BY 4.0. Reuse freely with attribution.",
    "attribution": "Indo Crypto Landscape, Utopia Club",
    "citation_note": "Cite the dataset's own generated_at, not the date you downloaded it. Live venue figures move every 30 minutes and a stale citation misattributes a number to a moment it was never true.",
    "warranty": "No warranty. Read the claim_class on every dataset: 'reported' means a third party asserted it and we relayed it, not that we verified it."
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "group": "CORE LICENSE & MARKET STRUCTURE",
      "ref": "POJK 27/2024",
      "title": "OJK crypto operating & licensing rules",
      "agency": "OJK",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 12 Dec 2024, effective 10 Jan 2025",
      "summary": "Transfers crypto oversight from Bappebti to OJK and sets operating standards. Paid-up capital floors: IDR 1T (Exchange/Bursa), IDR 500B (Clearing), IDR 250B (Custodian), IDR 100B (Trader/Pedagang). Foreign ownership in exchanges/clearing capped at 40% aggregate and 10% per entity; must incorporate as an Indonesian PT with physical HQ (virtual offices banned) and onshore disaster recovery. New/unlisted tokens must pass OJK evaluation or sandbox before trading. Fines up to IDR 2M/day for reporting failures, escalating to license revocation.",
      "impact": "The core license: any crypto business serving Indonesians must localize as a PT and clear steep capital floors and the 40% foreign-ownership cap."
    },
    {
      "group": "CORE LICENSE & MARKET STRUCTURE",
      "ref": "UU 4/2023",
      "title": "P2SK/PPSK financial-sector law, reclassifies crypto",
      "agency": "OJK / BI",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 12 Jan 2023; handover by 12 Jan 2025",
      "summary": "Financial Sector Development & Strengthening Law (UU PPSK). Legally reclassifies crypto from commodity to financial instrument, shifting authority from Bappebti to OJK and BI over a 24-month transition ending 12 Jan 2025. Introduces the ITSK innovation/sandbox framework and closes offshore arbitrage: foreign platforms cannot legally serve Indonesians without a local entity. Unlicensed operation carries up to 5-10 yr prison and fines up to IDR 1T.",
      "impact": "The statutory parent that put crypto under financial-sector law and made a local license non-optional."
    },
    {
      "group": "CORE LICENSE & MARKET STRUCTURE",
      "ref": "UU 4/2026",
      "title": "P2SK revision, hardens the bursa moat",
      "agency": "OJK / DPR",
      "status": "In-force 17 Jun 2026",
      "date": "Enacted 17 Jun 2026 (LN 2026/62)",
      "summary": "Revises UU 4/2023. Mandates trades route through a licensed bursa (Pasal 221A), authorizes freeze/block of foreign platforms (Pasal 221E), and treats stablecoins as a gated transaction-tool, not direct payment (Pasal 213 elucidation). The single-orderbook rule is deferred to a forthcoming POJK.",
      "impact": "Hardens the route-through-licensed-bursa moat and gives OJK explicit power to block foreign platforms."
    },
    {
      "group": "CORE LICENSE & MARKET STRUCTURE",
      "ref": "PP 49/2024",
      "title": "Bappebti to OJK/BI transition regulation",
      "agency": "OJK / BI",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Handover effective 10 Jan 2025",
      "summary": "Implements the structural transfer of digital financial asset and derivatives supervision from Bappebti to OJK and BI, effective 10 Jan 2025, managed by a Transition Team. Derivative products now need prior OJK or BI approval depending on the underlying (capital market vs money/forex). Ongoing Bappebti investigations pass to OJK/BI.",
      "impact": "The mechanical handover order; confirms OJK/BI as the supervisors crypto entrants now answer to."
    },
    {
      "group": "CORE LICENSE & MARKET STRUCTURE",
      "ref": "SK Daftar Aset Kripto (13 Aug 2025)",
      "title": "CFX approved crypto-asset whitelist",
      "agency": "CFX (OJK-licensed bursa)",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Effective 13 Aug 2025",
      "summary": "CFX board decree (CFX/DIR-SK/010/VIII/2025) setting the binding Daftar Aset Kripto, the whitelist of tokens tradeable on Indonesian platforms, per POJK 27/2024 Pasal 9. Roughly 574 approved tickers plus a rebranded-tokens appendix; licensed exchanges (Pintu, Tokocrypto, Indodax, Reku) are prohibited from listing anything off-list. Revokes prior lists; updated periodically.",
      "impact": "Gating move for foreign token projects: not being on the CFX list means no legal Indonesian exchange access."
    },
    {
      "group": "CORE LICENSE & MARKET STRUCTURE",
      "ref": "PP 28/2025",
      "title": "OSS-RBA risk-based business licensing overhaul",
      "agency": "Government",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Effective 5 Jun 2025",
      "summary": "Overhauls risk-based business licensing (OSS-RBA), centralizing corporate licensing, spatial planning (KKPR) and environmental approvals into one gateway; replaces PP 5/2021. Foreign investors (PT PMA) must inject more than IDR 10B per 5-digit KBLI per location, excluding land and buildings. Digital-asset/Web3 activity is classed High-Risk: OSS issues only a preparatory NIB and blocks commercial operation until sectoral (OJK/Bappebti) verification passes.",
      "impact": "Sets the IDR 10B PMA capital floor and spatial/licensing gate every foreign crypto entity clears before an operating license."
    },
    {
      "group": "TAX & REPORTING",
      "ref": "PMK 50/2025",
      "title": "Crypto transaction tax rates (VAT/PPh)",
      "agency": "MenKeu (DJP)",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Effective 1 Aug 2025",
      "summary": "Definitive crypto tax framework. Trades on OJK-recognized domestic platforms bear 0.21% income tax (PPh 22) on transaction value; trades on foreign/unappointed platforms are penalized at 1% per transaction. Foreign PPMSE meeting Indonesian volume thresholds can be designated mandatory tax collectors, requiring an NPWP and withholding receipts. Miner income-tax provisions apply from the 2026 tax year.",
      "impact": "The 0.21% vs 1% split is a direct economic penalty steering users to licensed domestic platforms."
    },
    {
      "group": "TAX & REPORTING",
      "ref": "PMK 108/2025",
      "title": "CARF/CRS crypto tax reporting",
      "agency": "MenKeu (DJP)",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 29 Dec 2025",
      "summary": "Implements the OECD Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) and amended CRS. Indonesian-licensed crypto service providers (PJAK Pelapor CARF) must report customer identity, year-end balances, and gross proceeds from crypto-to-fiat AND crypto-to-crypto trades to DJP, with self-certification due diligence. First automatic exchange with 60+ jurisdictions in 2027 (for 2026 data). Willful failure: up to IDR 1B fine and/or 1 yr prison under UU 9/2017.",
      "impact": "Ends crypto tax privacy: Indonesian customer data flows to 60+ tax authorities, pressuring foreign platforms toward licensing."
    },
    {
      "group": "TAX & REPORTING",
      "ref": "UU 9/2017",
      "title": "Access to financial information for tax purposes",
      "agency": "MenKeu",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 2017",
      "summary": "Parent law granting DJP access to financial account information for tax purposes and the legal basis for AEOI/CARF implementation (PMK 108/2025). Pasal 7 criminal sanctions, up to IDR 1B fine and/or 1 yr prison, apply to willful reporting failures by crypto and financial institutions.",
      "impact": "Statutory backbone that makes CARF crypto reporting enforceable with criminal penalties."
    },
    {
      "group": "FINFLUENCER & CONDUCT",
      "ref": "POJK 6/2026",
      "title": "Financial-influencer conduct rule",
      "agency": "OJK",
      "status": "In-force 4 Jun 2026",
      "date": "In-force 4 Jun 2026; transition to ~4 Dec 2026",
      "summary": "Regulates Penyampai Informasi (finfluencers) in three tiers: edukasi (education) = no license; pemasaran (marketing) = only via a licensed PUJK, which carries liability; rekomendasi (recommendation) = requires competency certification/license. 6-month transition to ~4 Dec 2026.",
      "impact": "Crypto marketing via influencers now carries licensing and liability exposure for the sponsoring platform."
    },
    {
      "group": "FINFLUENCER & CONDUCT",
      "ref": "POJK 30/2025",
      "title": "Governance & risk management for ITSK / DFA operators",
      "agency": "OJK",
      "status": "In-force 1 Jul 2026",
      "date": "Effective 1 Jul 2026",
      "summary": "Governance and risk-management standards for ITSK and digital financial asset operators. Requires a minimum of 2 directors, annual governance reports, and semi-annual risk reports.",
      "impact": "Raises the operating-governance floor: thin two-person crypto shops no longer clear the bar."
    },
    {
      "group": "FINFLUENCER & CONDUCT",
      "ref": "POJK 22/2023",
      "title": "Consumer protection & market conduct",
      "agency": "OJK",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 22 Dec 2023; contracts adjusted by 31 Dec 2024",
      "summary": "Consumer protection and market-conduct framework for all OJK financial providers, including crypto/ITSK. Requires Bahasa Indonesia contracts, bans exoneration (liability-shifting) clauses, and imposes cross-border data-transfer standards requiring equivalent protection or consent. Fines up to IDR 15B, escalating to license revocation.",
      "impact": "Sets the fair-conduct and local-language disclosure bar crypto platforms must meet with Indonesian users."
    },
    {
      "group": "COMMODITY-FUTURES LEGACY",
      "ref": "UU 32/1997",
      "title": "Commodity Futures Trading Law",
      "agency": "Bappebti (legacy)",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 5 Dec 1997",
      "summary": "Foundational commodity futures law empowering Bappebti, the original legal basis for treating crypto as a tradable commodity pre-OJK. Requires local PT incorporation, 100% segregation of client margin at approved banks, and individual broker licensing (Wakil Pialang Berjangka). Unlicensed operation: up to 5 yr prison and IDR 6.5B; market manipulation up to 8 yr and IDR 10B.",
      "impact": "The legacy regime crypto sat under before UU 4/2023; still governs residual futures/derivatives structure."
    },
    {
      "group": "COMMODITY-FUTURES LEGACY",
      "ref": "UU 10/2011",
      "title": "Commodity Futures amendment, Alternative Trading Systems",
      "agency": "Bappebti (legacy)",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 8 Aug 2011",
      "summary": "Amends UU 32/1997 to recognize Alternative Trading Systems (SPA) and non-standard derivatives, the framework crypto exchanges/OTC brokers operated under pre-OJK. Requires SPA licensing, operator/participant non-affiliation, segregated client funds at approved banks, and bans unlicensed solicitation/marketing. Unlicensed operation: 5-10 yr prison and IDR 10-20B.",
      "impact": "Legacy SPA licensing basis for crypto exchanges before the OJK transition."
    },
    {
      "group": "CENTRAL BANK & PAYMENTS",
      "ref": "UU 7/2011",
      "title": "Currency Law, Rupiah sole legal tender",
      "agency": "BI",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 28 Jun 2011",
      "summary": "Establishes the Rupiah as sole legal tender for all payments and settlements in Indonesia. Prohibits using crypto/stablecoins to price goods, settle commercial transactions, or pay for domestic services; narrow carve-outs exist for international trade/financing and FX bank deposits. Refusal to use IDR: up to 1 yr prison and IDR 200M, escalated by one-third for corporates plus possible asset seizure.",
      "impact": "The statutory root of Indonesia's crypto-payment ban: crypto is a tradable asset, never a domestic means of payment."
    },
    {
      "group": "CENTRAL BANK & PAYMENTS",
      "ref": "PBI 18/40/PBI/2016",
      "title": "Payment system processing, virtual-currency ban",
      "agency": "BI",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Effective 9 Nov 2016",
      "summary": "Licensing and operating framework for payment system providers (PJSP) that explicitly bans processing payments with virtual currency. Foreign ownership in principal/switching/clearing/settlement entities is capped at 20%; mandates local PT incorporation, domestic transaction processing, and 100% fiat reserve backing for non-bank e-wallets.",
      "impact": "Bars crypto rails from the national payment system and caps foreign ownership of payment infrastructure at 20%."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "POJK 8/2023",
      "title": "AML/CTF/CPF for the financial sector",
      "agency": "OJK",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 14 Jun 2023",
      "summary": "AML, counter-terrorism and counter-proliferation financing framework covering ITSK/crypto operators. Requires risk-based CDD, beneficial-ownership tracing, EDD for PEPs, e-KYC tied to Dukcapil population data, and a dedicated independent compliance unit. Fines cap at IDR 100B or 1% of prior-year net profit.",
      "impact": "Forces crypto platforms into Dukcapil-linked e-KYC and full AML infrastructure, hard to satisfy from offshore."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "UU 27/2022",
      "title": "Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP)",
      "agency": "Govt (PDP authority)",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 17 Oct 2022; compliance from 17 Oct 2024",
      "summary": "Indonesia's foundational data-protection law with extraterritorial reach over any entity processing Indonesian citizens' data. Restricts offshore data transfer unless the destination has equal/higher protection or consent exists, mandates a DPO for large-scale/sensitive processing, and requires 72-hour (3x24h) breach reporting. Fines up to 2% of annual revenue plus criminal liability.",
      "impact": "Governs KYC/personal-data handling; binds foreign platforms even with no local presence."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "UU 8/2010",
      "title": "Anti-Money Laundering Act (UU PPTPPU)",
      "agency": "PPATK",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 22 Oct 2010",
      "summary": "Foundational AML act establishing PPATK and criminalizing laundering. Reporting Parties (including futures/crypto exchanges) must run KYC/CDD, trace beneficial owners, and report suspicious transactions and cash transactions over IDR 500M to PPATK (STRs within 3 days); anti-tipping-off applies. Corporate fines up to IDR 100B; executives up to 20 yr prison.",
      "impact": "The criminal-law AML backbone every licensed crypto operator's reporting pipeline plugs into."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "UU 11/2008",
      "title": "Electronic Information & Transactions Law (UU ITE)",
      "agency": "Kominfo",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 21 Apr 2008",
      "summary": "Foundational e-transactions law validating electronic contracts/signatures and criminalizing unauthorized access, data manipulation, gambling and misleading content. Extraterritorial reach over foreign PSEs accessible to Indonesians. Unauthorized access/manipulation up to 12 yr and IDR 12B; prohibited content up to 6 yr and IDR 1B; corporate penalties escalated by two-thirds.",
      "impact": "Baseline PSE liability layer; constrains aggressive crypto marketing and yield-promise claims."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "UU 19/2016",
      "title": "ITE first amendment, blocking & right-to-be-forgotten",
      "agency": "Kominfo",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 25 Nov 2016",
      "summary": "First ITE amendment granting the state direct authority to block/terminate access to unlawful content and a court-ordered right to erase irrelevant data. False/misleading info causing consumer loss up to 6 yr and IDR 1B; defamation/threats up to 4 yr and IDR 750M.",
      "impact": "Enables national ISP-level blocking of unlicensed foreign crypto platforms; the erasure duty clashes with immutable chains."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "UU 1/2024",
      "title": "ITE second amendment",
      "agency": "Kominfo",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "Enacted 2 Jan 2024",
      "summary": "Second ITE amendment expanding state content-blocking powers and PSE accountability. Financial/digital-asset PSEs must use certified electronic signatures via Indonesian-licensed PSrE and implement child-protection/age-verification. Kominfo can block the IP/domains of non-compliant foreign platforms; misleading info causing loss up to 6 yr and IDR 1B.",
      "impact": "Tightens PSE certification and gives Kominfo sharper takedown/blocking teeth over crypto platforms."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "GR 28/2025",
      "title": "Blockchain recognized as strategic technology",
      "agency": "Government",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "2025",
      "summary": "First government recognition of blockchain as a strategic technology, alongside AI and digital ID. Blockchain businesses can obtain a business identification number (NIB).",
      "impact": "First positive-legitimacy signal: gives blockchain ventures a formal path to register and operate."
    },
    {
      "group": "ADJACENT (data / AML / digital / seizure)",
      "ref": "AG Guideline 7/2023",
      "title": "Crypto seizure procedures",
      "agency": "Attorney General",
      "status": "Active",
      "date": "2023",
      "summary": "Attorney General guideline setting procedures for seizing crypto assets, including chain-of-custody handling for private keys and hardware wallets.",
      "impact": "Operationalizes law-enforcement crypto seizure: relevant to custody, forfeiture and enforcement risk."
    },
    {
      "group": "IN-PROGRESS / WATCH",
      "ref": "OJK Draft Reg on DFA Offerings",
      "title": "Draft rule on digital financial asset offerings",
      "agency": "OJK",
      "status": "Draft",
      "date": "",
      "summary": "Draft OJK regulation on digital financial asset offerings. Offerings of IDR 1B or more would require a full OJK license; below that threshold, notification only. Covers foreign issuers targeting Indonesians.",
      "impact": "Would set the primary-issuance/token-offering license threshold, a key watch item for projects raising from Indonesians."
    }
  ]
}